Wrapping artefact (fold-over, back-folding)

  1. Increase FOV
  2. Add phase encoding (phase-oversampling, foldover suppression, no phase wrap)
  3. Swap phase and frequency direction
  4. Use selective tissue saturation bands
  5. Use a surface coil
Ghosting artefact from motion (respiratory)

  1. Strict breath-holding plus acceleration techniques
  2. Respiratory gating or navigator echoes
  3. Swap phase and frequency direction
  4. Use selective tissue saturation bands to suppress the signal from the anterior abdominal wall
Ghosting artefact from motion (pulsatile flow)

  1. Use ECG triggering / gating
  2. Use flow compensation (gradient moment nulling, gradient motion rephasing)
  3. Use selective tissue saturation bands to suppress the blood signal
  4. Swap phase and frequency direction
Flow-related signal loss and flow jets

  1. Reduce echo time
  2. Use flow compensation
  3. Use bSSFP acquisition
Chemical shift artefact

  1. Compare with other images as they are sequence dependent
Dark rim artefact

  1. Often seen in perfusion imaging
  2. Reduce contrast dose/infusion speed
  3. Increase in-plane spatial resolution
Radiofrequency interference artefact

  1. Check for sources of interference and eliminate (e.g. make sure scan room door is closed, no electronic equipment in scan room)
Slow flow artefact

  1. Usually in T2w images
  2. Increase black blood pre-pulse slice thickness
Metallic artefact

  1. Usually less prominent on spin echo images than gradient echo images